y = mx + b :– Definition, Slope Intercept Form, Examples, Facts

What Is y $=$ mx $+$ b?

The equation of line can be written in different forms: two-point form, slope-intercept form, standard form. So, what does slope intercept form look like?

The equation y $= mx + b$ represents the slope-intercept form of a straight line. 

It is the most simple since it is based on just two values and requires no complex calculations. 

Let’s understand the meaning of $y = mx + b$.

• x and y

x and y are coordinates of any two points on the line. So, x and y are variables.

• What is m? 

m in $y = mx + b$ represents the slope of the line. It tells us how steep the line is. 

• What is b in $y = mx + b$? 

It’s the y-intercept of the line. It’s the point at which the line intersects the y-axis.  

Note: Sometimes the y-intercept is also represented using the letter “c” and in that case, the equation of line becomes $y = mx + c$.

Example: Find the equation of a line having slope 3 and y-intercept 2.

Here, $m = 3$ and $b = 2$

Equation of line using the slope-intercept form is $y = mx + b$.

Required equation of the line: $y = 3x + 2$

How to Find y $=$ mx $+$ b

Let’s derive the slope-intercept form. Consider a line whose y-intercept is b. In simple words, the line passes through the point (0,b). Let (x,y) be the coordinates of any point on the line.

Now, we have coordinates of two points on the line: (x,y) and (0,b). 

Let the slope of the given line be m.

The formula to find the slope of the straight line is

$m = \frac{change\; in\; y}{change\; in\; x} = \frac{Difference\; in\; y\;-\;coordinates}{Difference\; in\; x\;-\;coordinates}$

So, if the points $(x_1,\;y_1)$ and $(x_2,\;y_2)$ lie on the given line.

We can find the slope as

Thus, in our case

$\Rightarrow m = \frac{y \;-\; b}{x \;-\; 0}$

$\Rightarrow m = \frac{y \;-\; b}{x}$

$\Rightarrow mx = y\;-\;b$

$\Rightarrow y = mx + b$ 

y $=$ mx $+$ b at Origin

Let’s understand how to solve $y = mx + b$ at origin. The equation of a straight line with slope “m” passing through the origin (0,0) is given as:

$y = \frac{y \;-\; 0}{x \;-\; 0}$

$y = mx$

So, for any line passing through origin, the y-intercept is 0.

Writing an Equation in the Slope Intercept Form

In this section, we will learn to write an equation in the slope intercept form.

Example: Let’s write the equation of the line that passes through the points (0,3) and (2,7) in slope-intercept form.

Here, $x_1 = 0,\;y_1 = 3,\;X_2 = 2,\; , y_2 = 7$

The slope-intercept form is $y = mx + b$.

The line passes through the point (0, 3). Thus, the y- intercept of the line is 3. 

So, $b = 3$.

The slope is calculated as 

$m = \frac{y_2 \;-\; y_1}{x_2 \;-\; x_1}$

$m = \frac{7 \;-\; 3}{2 \;-\; 0}$

$m = \frac{4}{2}$

$m = 2$

Putting these values in the standard equation, we get-

$y = 2x + 3$

Facts about y $=$ mx $+$ b

Conclusion

In this article, we learnt about slope intercept form $y = mx + b$, the formula to find the slope, and writing the equation of a line using slope-intercept form. Let’s solve a few examples!

Solved Examples on y $=$ mx $+$ b

1.  Find the slope of the line joining the points P$(0,\; –\;1)$ and Q$(4,\;1)$.

Solution:

The two points on the line are P$(0,\; –2)$ and Q$(4,\; 1)$.

We know that, the slope of line passing through the points $(x_1,\;x_1)$ and $(x_2,\; y_2)$ is given by

$m = \frac{y_2 \;-\; y_1}{x_2 \;-\; x_1}$

$m = \frac{\;-\;2 \;-\; 1}{0 \;-\; 4}$

$m = \frac{\;-3}{-\;4}$

$m = \frac{3}{4}$

2. Find the equation of line passing through points P$(–\;2,\; 5)$ and Q$(0,\; –\;3)$ and having y-intercept 3. 

Solution:

P$(–\;2,\; 5)$ and Q$(0,\; –\;3)$ are the two points on the line. Therefore, slope of the line is given by 

$m = \frac{5 \;-\; ( \;-\; 3)}{ \;-\; 2 \;-\; 0} = \frac{8}{\;-\;2} = \;-\;4$

y-intercept $= 3$

Thus, the equation of line is $y = \;-\;4x + 3$.

3. What is the slope of the line: $y = \;−\;5x + 17$?.

Solution:

If we compare the given equation with $y = mx + b$, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, then we get,

A slope of the line whose equation is $y = \;-\;5x + 17$ is $\;-\;2$.

$m = \;-\;5$

4. If the slope of a straight line is 3 and y-intercept is 4, then find the equation of the line.

Solution:

We know that the equation of line in slope-intercept form is given by:

$y = mx + b$

Given, $m = 3$ and $b = 4$, thus, the required equation is:

$y = 3x + 4$

5. What is the slope and y-intercept of the equation $y = 2x$?

Solution:

If we compare the given equation with $y = mx + b$, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, we get

Slope $= m = 2$ and y-intercept $= b = 0

Practice Problems on y $=$ mx $+$ b

Frequently Asked Questions on y $=$ mx $+$ b